Cyber Security Workbook for On Board Ship Use

Foreword

Abbreviations/Definitions

Acknowledgements

Section 1 - Introduction

1.1 Cyber Security Risk Management - IMO Requirements and Guidelines

1.1.1 Supporting Regulatory Guidelines

1.1.2 Regional Regulatory Guidelines

1.2 Cyber Outlook for Shipping

1.3 Purpose of this Workbook

1.4 Checklists

1.5 Designated Roles and Responsibilities

Part One - Onboard Practical Considerations

Section 2 - Identifying Risks

2.1 Vulnerable Ship Systems

2.2 What is a Maritime Cyber Attack?

2.3 Threats

2.3.1 Types of Cyber Attack

2.3.2 Social Engineering

Section 3 - Protection, Prevention and Training

3.1 Prevention of Malware Attacks

3.2 Software Updates

3.2.1 Updating programs that are not part of the Operating System

3.3 Endpoint Protection/Security Suite

3.3.1 Endpoint Protection Updates

3.3.2 Checking if the Endpoint Protection Suite is up to date

3.4 Passwords

3.4.1 Creating Passwords

3.4.2 Password length

3.4.3 Managing Passwords

3.4.4 Handover of Passwords

3.4.5 Passkeys

3.4.6 User Names

3.5 Cyber Security and the SMS

3.5.1 Cyber Security and the Ship Security Plan (SSP)

3.6 Crew Considerations and Training

3.6.1 Key Aspects of Crew Training

3.6.2 Cyber Security Familiarisation for Crew

3.6.3 Training for Non-crew Members

3.6.4 Designing a Training Programme

3.6.5 Unintentional Cyber Breaches by the Crew

3.6.6 Planning a Crew Training Session

3.6.7 Cyber Security Drills

3.6.8 Social Media

3.6.9 Travelling in Cyber Safe Mode

3.7 Ship Inspections and Port State Control

3.7.1 Port State Control Inspections

3.7.2 Other Inspections

Section 4 - Detect, Respond and Recover: General Principles

4.1 Detecting a Cyber Incident

4.1.1 Introduction

4.1.2 Useful Tools Available to Help Detect Possible Malware

4.2 Incident Response

4.2.1 Third Party Support

4.2.2 Cyber Recovery Plan

4.2.3 Backups

Section 5 - Ship's Business Systems

5.1 Onboard Business Computers

5.1.1 USB Ports and Drives

5.1.2 USB Port Blockers

5.1.3 USB Cleaning Stations

5.1.4 Tablets

5.1.5 Personal Devices and USB Ports

5.2 Network Segregation On Board

5.2.1 Segregated Networks

5.2.2 Achieving a Segregated Network

5.2.3 Maintaining a Segregated Network

5.2.4 Benefits of Network Segregation

5.2.5 Vulnerable Systems On Board

5.3 Wireless Networks

5.3.1 Business WiFi

5.3.2 Crew WiFi

5.3.3 Guest Access

5.3.4 WiFi Network Security

5.3.5 Virtual Private Network (VPN)

5.4 Satellite Communications (Satcom) Equipment

5.4.1 Satcom Passwords

5.4.2 Satcom Visibility on the Public Internet

5.4.3 Satcom Software Updates

5.4.4 Physical Security of the Satellite Terminal

5.4.5 Software Security of the Satellite System

5.5 Mobile (Cellular) Data Connections

5.6 Connecting to Shore WiFi in Port

5.6.1 Crew Connecting to WiFi Ashore

5.7 Passenger Ships

Section 6 - OT Systems

6.1 Understanding OT Systems

6.2 Engine Department Considerations

6.3 Cargo Management

6.4 ECDIS Security

6.4.1 Updates

6.4.2 Physical Security

6.4.3 ECDIS Recovery

6.4.4 Recognising Genuine NAVTEX Messages

6.5 GNSS Security

6.5.1 GNSS Input Data

6.6 Other Bridge Systems

6.6.1 VDR

6.6.2 AIS

Part Two - Shore Management Considerations

Section 7 - Key Considerations

7.1 Cooperation Between the Office Departments and their Suppliers

7.1.1 IT Department and Technical Department

7.1.2 Securing the Supply Chain

7.1.3 Cyber Security Working Group

7.2 Cooperation Between the Office and the Ship's Crew

7.2.1 Maritime Cyber Security Management

7.2.2 Cyber Security and the Safety Management System (SMS)

7.2.3 Cyber Security and the Ship Security Plan (SSP)

7.2.4 Onboard Resources According to Ship Type

7.3 Ship's Network Architecture

7.3.1 IDMZ

7.3.2 Data Diodes (Unidirectional Gateways)

Section 8 - OT Systems Management

8.1 OT Asset Management and Risk Assessment

8.1.1 Asset Management

8.1.2 Asset Risk Assessment

8.2 Securing OT Systems

8.3 Securing the Ethernet IP Network Used by OT Systems

8.3.1 Converter Security

8.4 Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)

Section 9 IT Systems Management

9.1 Remote Access

9.2 Vulnerability Scanning

9.3 Penetration (Pen) Testing

9.4 Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR)

9.5 Disaster Recovery from Backup

9.6 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) for IT/OT Systems

Checklists

Checklist 1 - Cyber Security Familiarisation for New Crew Members

Checklist 2 - Cyber Security Crew Training

Checklist 3 - Detecting a Cyber Incident

Checklist 4 - Responding to a Cyber Incident On Board

Checklist 5 - Onboard Business Computer

Checklist 6 - Network Segregation

Checklist 7 - Networks (Wireless and Wired)

Checklist 8 - Satellite Communications

Checklist 9 - OT Systems for Crew

Checklist 10 - ECDIS Cyber Security

Checklist 11 - Cyber Security Checks on the Navigation Bridge

Checklist 12 - Asset Management and Risk Assessment

Checklist 13 - OT Systems for IT Department

Checklist 14 - Remote Access

Annexes

Annex 1 - Cyber Security Assessment

Annex 2 - Creating a Cyber Security Plan

Annex 3 - Creating User Accounts

Annex 4 - Checking for Segregated Networks

Annex 5 - NMEA 0183

Annex 6 - Regional Regulatory Guidance

Annex 7 - Further Resources